Māori Arts — Whakairo, Kōwhaiwhai, Tukutuku

Māori visual arts are a rich tradition of carving, weaving, painting, and contemporary expression that carry stories, genealogy (whakapapa), and spiritual meaning.

Whakairo (Carving)

Whakairo is the Māori art of carving: in wood, bone, stone, and pounamu (greenstone). Carved meeting houses (wharenui) are masterpieces of this art form, with every panel and post representing an ancestor. See our dedicated guide to Māori carving for more detail.

Kōwhaiwhai (Scroll Patterns)

Kōwhaiwhai are the distinctive curved scroll patterns painted on the rafters of meeting houses, on waka (canoes), and in contemporary Māori design. The flowing, rhythmic patterns often represent:

Traditionally painted in red (kōkōwai), white (uku), and black (pango), kōwhaiwhai patterns are now seen in architecture, fashion, graphic design, and public art throughout New Zealand.

Tukutuku (Panels)

Tukutuku are decorative woven panels that line the walls of meeting houses. Made from natural materials like harakeke (flax), kiekie, and pingao, these geometric patterns tell stories and convey tribal knowledge.

Common tukutuku patterns include poutama (stairway to heaven), niho taniwha (teeth of the taniwha), and kaokao (the ribs: symbolising strength and support).

Contemporary Māori Art

Modern Māori artists have taken traditional forms in new directions. Notable artists include:

Major galleries such as the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Wellington), Auckland Art Gallery, and regional galleries across the country offers both traditional and contemporary Māori art.