Marae Protocol — Tikanga for Visitors

A marae is a sacred communal meeting place for Māori. Understanding marae protocol (tikanga) shows respect for the host people and their customs.

What is a Marae?

A marae complex typically includes:

Wharenui (meeting house): the carved ancestral house, representing a tribal ancestor
Wharekai (dining hall): where food is prepared and shared
Marae ātea: the open courtyard in front of the wharenui
Wharepaku (toilets) and other facilities

The Pōwhiri: Formal Welcome

The pōwhiri is the formal welcome ceremony. Key stages:

Karanga: a call of welcome from a woman of the host iwi, answered by a woman from the visiting group.
Whaikōrero: formal speeches by elders (kaikōrero) from both sides, usually in Te Reo Māori.
Waiata: a song is performed after each speech to support the speaker.
Hongi: the pressing of noses, sharing the breath of life (ha).
Kai: sharing food, which removes the tapu (sacredness) of the encounter.

Marae Etiquette: Dos and Don'ts

DO remove your shoes before entering the wharenui.
DO sit quietly during speeches.
DO wait to be invited before speaking.
DO NOT eat or drink inside the wharenui.
DO NOT sit on pillows or tables: these are considered tapu.
DO NOT walk across the marae ātea during a pōwhiri: walk around the edge.
DO NOT sit with your back to the wharenui.
DO NOT take photos during the pōwhiri without permission.

Gifts and Koha

It is customary to bring a koha (gift or donation) when visiting a marae. This is often monetary and is placed in a designated container or given to the kaikaranga (caller) before the pōwhiri begins. Some marae also accept food donations: check in advance.

What to Wear

Smart casual or formal attire is appropriate. Women often wear skirts or dresses; men may wear trousers and a collared shirt. Avoid wearing hats inside the wharenui: it is considered disrespectful.